Heat-conserving apparatus.



R. T; MARKER.

HEAT GONSERVING APPRATUS. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 4, 1909.

1,01 6,346. Patented Feb. 6, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

INVENTORl wlrlvsssss I BY i ATTORNEY R. T. MARKER. HEAT GONSBRVINGAPPARATUS. APPLOATION FILED JUNE 4, 1909.

1,016,346. n Patented Feb. 6, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

vngi' INVENTOR w/'rlvsssss f av /VW/ WSL ATTORNEY R. T. MARKBE. HEATGONSBRVING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED .TUNE 4, 1909.

1,016,346. Petented Feb.6,1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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WTNESSES ATTORNEY UNITED sTATEs PATENT oFFIcE.

BRUEL` T. MARKET., or rHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLATANIA.l

HEAT-CGNSERVING APPARATUS.

To all lwhom, 'it may concern 4,

Be it known that I, REUEL T. MARKEE, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful :Improvements inHeat- Conserving Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, andcomplete disclosure.

This invention relates to that class of receptacles which are providedwith an inner chamber insulated from its surroundings in such a way thatthe temperature of the same is conserved and kept substantially constantfor a long period of time. They may, therefore, be used to keep hotarticles hot and likewise, to keep cold articles cold. Among suchreceptacles are included vfireless cookers, refrigerators, includingrefriglerlttor cars, coolers, vacuum cans and the This invention moreparticularly relates to that species of receptacles enumerated in which'a vacuum is mainly relied upon to form the heat insulating medium.

Among the improvements which are hereinafter described may be mentionedthe use of a lining'of material such as porcelain. for the inner chamberand the surrounding of the vacuum chamber by a dead air space.

'There are various other improvements disclosed herein, such as in thevalve of the vacuum chamber and the means for sealing the same, themanner of strengthening the walls of the device and insulating the samefrom each other, and the manner of keeping the cover on the innerchamber.

Further improvements involved in this invention, will be carefullypointed out in the following description and specifically referred to inthe appended claims,

In the drawings Figure 1 is a vertical section through a vacuumreceptacle showing one embodiment of this invention; Fig. 2 is ahorizontal cross section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a planview of the same with the cover partly broken away; Fig. 4 is a planview of a refrigerator showing another embodiment of this inventlon;Fig. 5 is ahorizontal cross section through the same; Fig. 6 is a viewpartly 1n front elevation and partly in vertical section of the same;Fig. 7 .is a horizontal. section through the wall of a largerefrigerator such as a refrigerator car or buildlng.

Specicationlof Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 21912.

Application filed June 4,' 1909. Serial No. 500,132.

The vacuum can l, shown in Figs. l, 2 and 3 consists of a double walledinner receptacle 2 and a container 3, completely inclosing thereceptacle 1.

The receptacle 2 comprises an inner wall 4, having a bottom port-ion 5and a side portion 6 and an outer wall 7, having a bottom portion 8 anda side portion 9 parallel respectively to the bottom portion 5 and t-heside portion 6 of the inner wall 4. The side portions 6 and 9 are joinedair tight in any suitable manner. In the present instance, the sideportion 6 is shown formed with an outwardly projecting per-v pendicularflange 10at its upper end, which is connected to the end of the sideportion 9 by soldering or welding.

In order to give greater stability to the inner wall 4, the side portion6 thereof is extended at the bottom, as shown at 11 to meet the bottomportion 8 of the outer wall 7, thereby forming a rest for the innerwall. Adjacent to the point of contact of the extension 11 with thebottom 8 and on the inner Vside thereof, an annular rib 12 is struck upfrom the bottom to form a firm support for the extension 11. The latteris also provided with perforations 13 in order not to interrupt thespace between the inner wall 4 and the outer wall 7.

As the air is exhausted from the space 14 between the inner wall 4 andthe outer wall 7, it has been found desirable to reinforce these walls.For this purpose the circumferential rib 15 is struck outwardly from theinner wall 4 and a similar rib 16 is struck inwardly from'the outer walll7. In addition to this, bosses 17 may be struck up at various pointsfrom these walls and project beyond the ribs 15 and 16. vThese bossesmay be struck up on the line of the ribs as shown, or at otherplaces.They are arranged to register with each other and a washer 18 ofasbestos or like heat insulating material, may be inserted betweentheir.

inner wall 4, or outer wall 7. In the present embodiment the valve islocated in the bottom portion 8 of the outer wall 7.. A hole 23 isprovided in the bottom 8 and over this hole is placed a cup-shapeddevice or boss 24 forming a valve chamber 25. The boss 24 may be madeseparate from the bottom 8 andr secured thereto in any well knownmanner, as shown at the top of Fig. 1, or it may be made integral withthe same, as shown at the bottom of Fig. 1. At its inner end, it isprovided with a hole 26 closed by the ball 27. Various means may be usedfor permanently closing the valve 22 after the air is exhausted from thespace 14. In the present instance? there is shown a plate 30 arranged toslide on the bottom 8, in guides 31. The plate 30 is provided with ahole 32 whichv registers with the hole 23 while the air is beingexhausted from the space 14. It 4is then moved soy that theholes 32 and23 arel out of register with veach other, and the plate is then attachedto the bottom, as by soldering.

It has been found that there is a tendency 'for the bottom portions 5and 8 to come together, both because of the weight of material in theinterior of the receptacle pressing down on the bottom 5 and because ofpressure applied upwardly on the bottom 8 when the vacuum chamber isbeing exhausted. These pressures are exerted in addition to theunbalanced pressure of the atmosphere which tends to pressthese'portions together. In order to obviate this diiculty, a ring 35may be inserted around the valve 22, between the bottoms 5 and 8; thisring is provided with perforations 36 for providing communication withthe remaining portion of the vacuum space 14.`

The receptacle 2 is provided with a cover or stopper 40 and a valve 42,similar except as noted above, to the valve 22. It also has a ring 43similar to the ring 35, and bosses 45, for the purpose of reinforcingthe same. It comprises a portion 46 which fits snugly within the sideportion 6 at the top and a surrounding portion 47, which is seated uponthe tops of the side-portions 6 an 9, Whereby an air tight connection isformed between the stopper 40 and the receptacle 2.

For the purpose of still further insulating the receptacle 2, itisprovided with a lining 44 of refractory material, such as porcelain.This lining is particularly desirable in this connection as it forms asmooth unbroken surface for the receptacle and covers over theindentations formed by the ribs and bosses.

The receptacle 2 is wholly enveloped by the container 3. This containeris provided with a rib 55 and bosses -50 on. its bottom and sideswhichare struck inwardly and serve to space the receptacle from thecontainer 3,

andthus form a dead air space between the same. If desired, these bossesmay be per- Ymanently secured to the outer wall of the 'inner receptacleas by soldering. or gas or electric welding. A cover 51 is hmged atthetop of the container y3 andy is adapted to be locked into positionby thelocking lever 52 coperating with the projection or catch 53. At thecenter ofthe cover 51 there is a downwardly extending boss 54 whichbears against the stopper 40 when the cover 51 is in closed position andoperates to bindthe stopper 40 tightly in closed position.

The refrigerator 60, shown in Figs. 4 5 and 6, discloses anotherembodiment of this invention. It comprises a double-wall innerreceptacle 61, provided with a vacuum chamber 62, similar inconstruction to the vacuum can described above. Unlike the vacuum can,it has'two Stoppers 63 and 64 on top,

which are each similar in construction to the stopper 40 and the sidedoor 65, which differs from the Stoppers, in that the outer wall 66which surrounds the dead air chamber is attached .to the walls formingthe vacuum chamber. Another difference that will be noted is that thewall ,of the vacuum chamber adjacent to thev wall 66, is provided V'withbosses struck out on both sides, theinwardly extending bosses operatingto reinforce the Walls of the vacuum chamber, and the outwardlyextending bosses serving to s ace the wall of the vacuum chamber from te outer wall 66. The door may be provided with an ordinary latch 67. Itwill also be noted that the continuity' of the dead air space isinterrupted at the side door and between the Stoppers 63 and 64. The topdoors 68 and 69 of the container are provided with hinges of therefrigerator 60. The ice chest is provided with a spigot 76 and a drainpipe 77 having a water seal 78 to prevent the access of air to the icechest.

The walls of the refrigerator have brackets 79 struck outv from the sameat suitable points'to provide supports for shelves. It is obvious,however, that any other means might be used for supporting the shelves.A porcelain lining similar to thatshown in the vacuum can may also beused in the refrigerator.

Fig. .7 shows the application of my invention to a section of a wall ofa refrigerator car or building. The vacuum chamber 80 is formed of twoparallel walls 81 and 82,

which are provided with strengthen-ing ribs A heat 1nsupporting studs 86which may be T-irons as shown, and are spaced from the outer wall 87 sothat a dead air chamber may be formed between the vacuum chamber and thewall 87. The chambers 86 may also be insulated from the outer wall 87 byav layer of mineral wool, or similar material, as shown at 88, andwooden studs 89, may be inserted be tween the ends of thevacuum chambersand the T-irons.

I preferably make my heat conserving apparatus out ofsheet metal orsimilar material, but I may use different materials in the constructionof certain of the parts, such as wood in the outer wall, at the sametime retaining the essential elements of this invention.

yIt will be understood that the invention disclosed herein is notlimited to the precise details of construction described, but manychanges may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scopeof the same.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to protect byLetters Iatent of the United States 1. In an article of the classdescribed, an inclosure forming a vacuum chamber having the wallsthereof provided with inwardly extending stiiiening ribs and bossesprojecting from said ribs and holding said walls spaced apart.

2. In an article of the class described, an inclosure forming a vacuumchamber having the walls thereof provided with in- Wardly extendingstiffening ribs, bosses projecting from said ribs and holding said wallsspaced apart and heat insulating material inserted between the ends ofsaid bosses and the contacting portion of the opposite wall.

3. In an article of the class described, an inclosure forming a vacuumchamber having the walls thereof provided with inwardly extendingstiifening ribs, bosses projecting from said ribs and holding said wallsspaced apart, and washers of heat insulating material concaved to fit onthe ends of said bosses inserted between said ends and the contactingpart of the opposite wall.

4 In an article of the class described, an inclosure forming a vacuumchamber having the walls thereof provided with inwardly extendingstiifening ribs and registering bosses projecting from said ribs andholding said walls spaced apart.

5. In an article of the class described, an inclosure forming a vacuumchamber having the walls thereof provided with inwardly extendingstiffening ribs, registering bosses projecting from said ribs andholding said walls spaced apart and heat insulating washers havingconcaved surfaces to fit on the ends of said bosses inserted between theends of said registering bosses.

6. In a heat insulating receptacle a double walled receptacle, havingthe air exhausted from between the walls of the same, a double walledstopper hermetically sealing said receptacle, and a containersurrounding said receptacle and spaced apart from the same, saidcontainer being provided with a cover having a substantiallv sphericalboss for engaging and holding said"A stopper in position when said coveris closed, said stopper and boss on said cover having a minimum degreeof contact and said cover inclosing a dead air space adjacent to saidstopper and surrounding said boss.

7. In a heat insulating receptacle, a double walled receptacle havingthe air exhausted from between the walls of the same, a double walledstopper hermetically sealing said receptacle, and a containersurrounding said receptacle and spaced apart from the same, saidcontainer being provided with a pivoted cover having a boss extendinginwardly therefrom for engaging and holding said stopper in closedposition when said cover is closed.

8. In a receptacle, an inner vessel and a container surrounding saidinner vessel, said container being provided with inwardly projectingbosses for spacing 'apart said vessel and said container, and saidbosses being permanently secured to said inner vessel.

9. In an article of the class described, an inclosure forming a vacuumchamber having its walls provided with a port and abushing surroundingsaid port for holding the walls of said chamber apart. j

10. In an article of the class described, an inclosure forming a vacuumchamber having parallel walls, one of said walls being provided with vaport for exhausting said chamber and a ring located in said chambersurrounding said port and bracing said walls apart.

11. In an article of the class described, an inclosure forming a vacuumchamber having parallel walls, one of said walls being provided with aport for exhausting said chamber and a perforated ring located in saidchamber surrounding said port, and bracing said walls apart.

12. A temperature conserving device comprising a receptacle providedwith double walls inclosing a vacuum, a container surrounding saidreceptacle and forming a dead air space around the same, and a lining ofrefractory material for said receptacle.

13. A temperature conserving device comprising a receptacle providedwith double walls inclosing a vacuum, an outer wall surrounding saidreceptacle and forming a.

In Witness whereof, I have `hereunto set my dead arfspace around saidreceptacle, and a, hand this 26th day of May, A. D., 1909.

closure or said device provided with a. vacuum. chamber and an outerdead air REUEL T' MARKEE chamber, the Walls of said dead air cham-Witnesses: ber contacting, to prevent collapsing, at l ALsToN B. MoUmoN,spaced points only. M. J. WALL.

